Breast Enlargement in Men: Gynecomastia

What is gynecomastia?

Gynecomastia refers to female-pattern breast enlargement in men. Broadly, it can be divided into three categories: true gynecomastia, caused by enlargement of glandular breast tissue; pseudo-gynecomastia, caused mainly by fat accumulation after weight gain; and mixed-type gynecomastia, where both glandular tissue and fat are present.

In daily practice, many male patients fall into the mixed group, meaning the enlargement is caused by a combination of breast tissue increase and fat accumulation.

How common is gynecomastia?

Gynecomastia is fairly common. It may be observed in a significant portion of men, and it can also appear naturally during puberty. In many adolescents, the condition improves toward the end of puberty.

For some men, however, the condition persists and becomes psychologically distressing in social settings such as beaches, swimming pools, locker rooms or gyms.

What causes gynecomastia?

It may arise without an identifiable cause, or it may be associated with hormonal changes, medications, weight gain, certain diseases or age-related changes. A proper evaluation is necessary to determine the most appropriate treatment approach.

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